ISAK Home

Vol. 3 No. 1 (2023): Volume 3, Issue 1, Year 2023

Articles

Rápidas bajadas de peso corporal en deportes de combate. Efecto sobre las capacidades físicas

  • Walter L. Dzurovcin,
  • Jésica Formoso,
  • María Julia Raimundi
Walter L. Dzurovcin
Doctor en ciencias de la salud. Departamento de Salud, Universidad Nacional de la Matanza, San Justo, Provincia de Buenos Aires, Argentina
Jésica Formoso
Doctora en psicología. Facultad de Psicología, Instituto de Investigaciones, Universidad de Buenos Aires- CONICET:D, Caba, Argentina
María Julia Raimundi
Doctora en psicología. IPSIBAT (CONICET – UNMDP), Universidad Abierta Interamericana, Facultad de Psicología y Relaciones Humanas, Caba, Argentina.
PDF
DOI: https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2314

Published 30-06-2023

Keywords

  • Health sciences,
  • Weight loss,
  • Martial arts

How to Cite

L. Dzurovcin, W., Formoso, J., & Raimundi, M. J. (2023). Rápidas bajadas de peso corporal en deportes de combate. Efecto sobre las capacidades físicas. International Journal of Kinanthropometry, 3(1), 23–33. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2314

Copyright (c) 2023 Walter L. Dzurovcin, Jésica Formoso, María Julia Raimundi

Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

Dimensions

Crossref
Scopus
Google Scholar
Europe PMC

Abstract

Introduction: Judo is a combat sport whose competitive classification depends on body weight. Nearly 48 hours before an important competition, 90 % of judokas perform aggressive weight loss strategies looking for relative advantages concerning muscle size and strength. These procedures are generically called rapid weight loss (RWL). There are currently controversies regarding health consequences related to these procedures. Methods: Consisted in a descriptive simulation study of pre-competitive weight adjustment to 14 athletes of the Argentine national judo team. Specific physical tests validated for sport were performed under normal conditions vs conditions of caloric/water volunteer restriction in which a reduction of body weight > = 1,5 kg in 48 hours has been evidenced. Results: The RWL methods most used by those athletes are aggressive calorie/water restriction and active dehydration. The main consequences of these procedures were the increase in heart rate and the greater difficulty in restoring baseline values. Marginal values were found for the measurement of resistance strength of upper limbs. Conclusions: RWL procedures involve more cardiovascular stress, alter the resistance strength of upper limbs, and are generators of a greater possibility of developing eating disorders. Health professionals should be actively involved in the development of safer and more effective strategies. We suggest changes to the guidelines for qualifying weight in.

PDF

References

  1. Abedelmalek, S., Chtourou, H., Souissi, N., & Tabka, Z. (2015). Caloric Restriction Effect on Proinflammatory Cytokines, Growth Hormone, and Steroid Hormone Concentrations during Exercise in Judokas. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity, 2015: 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/809492
  2. Barley, O.R., Chapman, D.W., & Abbiss, C.R. (2020). Reviewing the current methods of assessing hydration in athletes. In Journal of the International Society of Sports Nutrition, 17(1): 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12970-020-00381-6
  3. Barley, O.R., Chapman, D.W., Mavropalias, G., & Abbiss, C.R. (2020). The influence of heat acclimation and hypohydration on post-weight-loss exercise performance. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 15(2): 213–221. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0092
  4. Berkovich, B.El, Stark, A.H., Eliakim, A., Nemet, D., & Sinai, T. (2019). Rapid weight loss in competitive judo and taekwondo athletes: Attitudes and practices of coaches and trainers. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 29(5): 532–538. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0367
  5. Bešlija, T., Čular, D., Kezić, A., Tomljanović, M., Ardigò, L. P., Dhabhi, W., & Padulo, J. (2020). Height-based model for the categorization of athletes in combat sports. European Journal of Sport Science, 21(4): 471–480. https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2020.1744735
  6. Bilodid Daria. (2021). Bilodid Daria (@dariabilodid7). Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CSGsDD_DItA/
  7. Burke, L.M., Slater, G., Matthews, J.J., Langan-Evans, C., & Horswill, C.A. (2021). ACSM Expert Consensus Statement on Weight Loss in Weight-Category Sports. Current Sports Medicine Reports, 20(4): 199–217. https://doi.org/10.1249/JSR.0000000000000831
  8. Cannataro, R., Cione, E., Gallelli, L., Marzullo, N., & Bonilla, D.A. (2020). Acute Effects of Supervised Making Weight on Health Markers, Hormones and Body Composition in Muay Thai Fighters. Sports, 8(10): 1–23. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8100137
  9. Cheuvront, S.N., Kenefick, R.W., Montain, S.J., & Sawka, M.N. (2010). Mechanisms of aerobic performance impairment with heat stress and dehydration. Journal of Applied Physiology, 109(6): 1989–1995. https://doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00367.2010
  10. Clarke, K.S. (1967). Wrestling and Weight Control. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, 201(7): 541–543. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1967.03130070061019
  11. Coswig, V.S., Fukuda, D., & Miarka, B. (2015). Rapid weight loss elicits harmful biochemical and hormonal responses in mixed martial arts athletes. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 25(5): 480-486. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2014-0267
  12. Detanico, D., Pupo, J.D., Franchini, E., & Dos Santos, S.G. (2015). Effects of Successive Judo Matches on Fatigue and Muscle Damage Markers. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(4): 1010–1016. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000746
  13. Elliott-Sale, K.J., Tenforde, A.S., Parziale, A.L., Holtzman, B., & Ackerman, K.E. (2018). Endocrine Effects of Relative Energy Deficiency in Sport. International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism, 28(4): 335-349. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.2018-0127
  14. Franchini, E., Del Vecchio, F., & Sterkowicz, S. (2009). A special judo fitness test classificatory table. Archives of Budo, 5: 127–129.
  15. Franchini, E., Del Vecchio, F., Matsushigue, K., & Artioli, G. (2011). Physiological profiles of elite judo athletes. Sports Medicine, 41(2): 147–166. https://doi.org/10.2165/11538580-000000000-00000
  16. Kim, H.C., & Park, K.J. (2020). Rapid Weight Loss and Physical and Psychological Difficulties in National Combat Sports Athletes. Journal of The Korean Society of Physical Medicine, 15(3): 61–68. https://doi.org/10.13066/kspm.2020.15.3.61
  17. Lakicevic, N., Roklicer, R., Bianco, A., Mani, D., Paoli, A., Trivic, T., Ostojic, S.M., Milovancev, A., Maksimovic, N., & Drid, P. (2020). Effects of rapid weight loss on judo athletes: A systematic review. In Nutrients, 12(5): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051220
  18. Lee, J.S., Cho, S.S., & Kim, K.W. (2020). Weight control practices, beliefs, self-efficacy, and eating behaviors in college weight class athletes. Nutrition Research and Practice, 14(1): 45–54. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2020.14.1.45
  19. Lombardo Manuel. (2021). Manuel Lombardo #Paris2024 ? @emanuele_df. Instagram. https://www.instagram.com/p/CSXC025siHB/
  20. Malliaropoulos, N., Rachid, S., Korakakis, V., Fraser, S. A., Bikos, G., Maffulli, N., & Angioi, M. (2017). Prevalence, techniques and knowledge of rapid weight loss amongst adult british judo athletes: a questionnaire based study. Muscle Ligaments and Tendons Journal, 7(3): 459–466. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2020.14.1.45
  21. Marques, V., Coswig, V.S., Viana, R., Leal, A., Alves, F., Alves, A., Teles, G., Vieira, C., Silva, M., Santos, D., & Gentil, P. (2019). Physical Fitness and Anthropometric Measures of Young Brazilian Judo and Wrestling Athletes and Its Relations to Cardiorespiratory Fitness. Sports, 7(2): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports7020038
  22. Mountjoy, M., Sundgot-Borgen, J.K., Burke, L.M., Ackerman, K.E., Blauwet, C., Constantini, N., Lebrun, C., Lundy, B., Melin, A.K., Meyer, N.L., Sherman, R.T., Tenforde, A.S., Torstveit, M.K., & Budgett, R. (2018). IOC consensus statement on relative energy deficiency in sport (RED-S): 2018 update. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 52(11): 687–697. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2018-099193
  23. Reale, R., Slater, G., & Burke, L.M. (2017). Acute-Weight-Loss Strategies for Combat Sports and Applications to Olympic Success. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 12(2): 142–151. https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2016-0211
  24. Richardson, J.T.E. (2011). Eta squared and partial eta squared as measures of effect size in educational research. Educational Research Review, 6(2): 135–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.edurev.2010.12.001
  25. Roklicer, R., Lakicevic, N., Stajer, V., Trivic, T., Bianco, A., Mani, D., Milosevic, Z., Maksimovic, N., Paoli, A., & Drid, P. (2020). The effects of rapid weight loss on skeletal muscle in judo athletes. Journal of Translational Medicine, 18(1): 1-7. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02315-x
  26. Rossi, M., DeSimone, P., Pivari, F., Vezzoli, G., Parodi, C., Paoli, A., Dogliotti, E., Soldati, L., & Brasacchio, C. (2019). The benefits of nutritional counselling for improving sport performance. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 59(11): 1878-1884. https://doi.org/10.23736/S0022-4707.19.09507-0
  27. Somova, M.J., Martin, T.J., DePalma, B.F., Laquale, K.M., Utter, A.C., Turocy, P.S., Perry, A.C., & Horswill, C.A. (2017). National Athletic Trainers’ Association Position Statement: Safe Weight Loss and Maintenance Practices in Sport and Exercise. Journal of Athletic Training, 46(3): 322–336. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-46.3.322
  28. Villar, R., Gillis, J., Santana, G., Pinheiro, D.S., & Almeida, A.L.R.A. (2018). Association Between Anaerobic Metabolic Demands During Simulated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu Combat and Specific Jiu-Jitsu Anaerobic Performance Test. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 32(2): 432–440. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001536
  29. Wittbrodt, M.T., & Millard-Stafford, M. (2018). Dehydration Impairs Cognitive Performance: A Meta-analysis. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50(11): 2360–2368. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001682
  30. Zubac, D., Paravlic, A., Reale, R., Jelaska, I., Morrison, S.A., & Ivancev, V. (2019). Fluid balance and hydration status in combat sport Olympic athletes: a systematic review with meta-analysis of controlled and uncontrolled studies. In European Journal of Nutrition, 58(2): 497–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-019-01937-2