Composición corporal y sus determinantes en varones adultos de habla nepalí de Bengala Occidental, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2532Palabras clave:
Composición corporal, Porcentaje de grasa corporal, Porcentaje de grasa visceral, Factores sociodemográficos y de estilo de vidaResumen
Introducción: La evaluación de la composición corporal desempeña un papel crucial en la valoración de los riesgos para la salud asociados con el exceso o la insuficiencia de grasa corporal. La determinación de la composición corporal es una práctica común para evaluar el estado de salud y nutricional. En la actualidad, el análisis de la composición corporal se ha vuelto vital para comprender la salud nutricional, los riesgos de enfermedades y el bienestar general. Métodos: Este estudio transversal examina las variaciones en la composición corporal según la edad y la influencia de los factores sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida en 284 trabajadores varones adultos (de 18 a 59 años) de plantaciones de té del bloque Jorebunglow Sukhiapokhari, distrito de Darjeeling, Bengala Occidental, India. Para este estudio se midieron parámetros antropométricos y de composición corporal, incluyendo altura, peso, IMC, porcentaje de grasa corporal, porcentaje de grasa subcutánea, porcentaje de grasa visceral y porcentaje de músculo esquelético, utilizando el analizador de grasa corporal Omron Karada Scan HBF-514C. Se aplicó un análisis de varianza unidireccional (ANOVA) con pruebas post hoc de Scheffé para evaluar las diferencias relacionadas con la edad en diversas variables de composición corporal. Resultados: Los resultados indican aumentos significativos relacionados con la edad en los porcentajes de grasa corporal y grasa visceral, junto con una disminución progresiva en el porcentaje de músculo esquelético. El IMC y el porcentaje de grasa corporal alcanzaron su punto máximo en el grupo de edad de 30 a 39 años antes de disminuir en los participantes de mayor edad. El análisis de correlación reveló asociaciones positivas entre la edad y los parámetros de grasa, mientras que el porcentaje de músculo esquelético mostró una fuerte correlación negativa con la edad. Los factores sociodemográficos y de estilo de vida, incluyendo la actividad física, las condiciones de vivienda, el consumo de alcohol y tabaco, se asociaron significativamente con la composición corporal. Las personas que realizaban actividad física regularmente mostraron menores porcentajes de grasa corporal y grasa visceral. Además, la obesidad mostró una fuerte asociación con una mayor acumulación de grasa en el grupo de edad avanzada. Conclusión: Estos hallazgos destacan el impacto progresivo del envejecimiento en la composición corporal y subrayan el papel de los factores del estilo de vida en la modulación de los riesgos para la salud entre los trabajadores de las plantaciones de té.
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