Estudio comparativo del somatotipo, la composición corporal y la condición muscular en jóvenes que practican entrenamiento de fuerza en dos países de África Occidental
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2513Palabras clave:
Somatotipo, Índice de Masa Corporal, Fuerza de Prensión Manual, Cuádriceps en Sentadilla de Pared, ResistenciaResumen
Introducción: El entrenamiento de resistencia se ha convertido en una técnica predilecta para que los jóvenes logren una buena salud, reduzcan la obesidad, desarrollen fuerza y logren una imagen corporal positiva. Establecer las diferencias en somatotipo, composición corporal y aptitud muscular es necesario para diseñar un programa de entrenamiento de resistencia competitivo regional y colaborativo para el desarrollo. Este estudio comparó las variables de somatotipo, composición corporal y aptitud muscular de jóvenes entrenados en resistencia (RTY) en Ghana y Nigeria. Métodos: Se utilizó un diseño de investigación transversal descriptivo. Se reclutaron 202 jóvenes que entrenaban con resistencia {(Edad media = 21,89 ± 1,37, F-78 (38,6%), M- 124 (61,4%)}. Se midieron el somatotipo (ectomorfo, endomorfo y mesomorfo), la composición corporal [índice de masa corporal-IMC], el porcentaje de grasa corporal (%BF), la circunferencia de la cintura, la circunferencia de la cadera, el índice cintura-cadera (ICC), el agua corporal total y el grosor de los pliegues cutáneos (tríceps, suprailíaco, bíceps, supraespinal, pantorrilla medial, muslo)] y la aptitud muscular (fuerza de agarre manual, fuerza del cuádriceps en sentadilla contra la pared y fuerza del core). Resultados: Hubo más jóvenes ghaneses ectomorfos que nigerianos (54 > 41) y menos mesomórficos que nigerianos (45 < 56). Además, hubo menos endomórficos que nigerianos (2 < 4). Aunque no de forma significativa, más jóvenes ghaneses que practicaban entrenamiento de resistencia tenían sobrepeso y obesidad en comparación con los nigerianos. Los jóvenes ghaneses que practicaban entrenamiento de resistencia tenían valores significativamente mayores de bíceps, %BF, IMC y fuerza de agarre en la mano derecha e izquierda (P < 0,05), mientras que los jóvenes nigerianos que practicaban entrenamiento de resistencia tenían valores significativamente mayores de supraespinal, pantorrilla medial y muslo (P < 0,05). No hubo diferencias significativas en peso, tríceps, suprailíaco, circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia de cadera, WHR, agua corporal total, fuerza del cuádriceps en sentadilla de pared y fuerza central entre las dos naciones. Existen muchas similitudes y diferencias entre ambas naciones. Conclusión: Al diseñar un programa de entrenamiento de resistencia colaborativo y competitivo a nivel regional, se recomienda encarecidamente considerar criterios comunes. Estudios posteriores podrían examinar el papel de los estilos de vida, los hábitos y las modalidades de entrenamiento de resistencia.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Judith Chidera Onuselogu, Emmanuella Agbewu, Edmund Kwarteng Baah, Prince De-Guale Deku, Eleazer Kofi Mensah Brown, Benjamin Oluwole Adedugbe, Monday Omoniyi Moses
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
Los artículos publicados en International Journal of Kinanthropometry se distribuyen bajo una licencia Creative Commons Atribución 4.0 Internacional (CC BY 4.0), que permite su uso, difusión, adaptación, distribución y reproducción en cualquier medio o formato, siempre que se cite adecuadamente a los autores originales y la fuente.
