Optimización de la composición corporal en futbolistas mediante restricción calórica: un ensayo controlado aleatorio
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2514Palabras clave:
Adiposidad, Peso corporal, Dieta, Masa muscular, FútbolResumen
Introducción: Lograr una composición corporal óptima es ventajoso para los atletas en términos de rendimiento competitivo. Hasta la fecha, existe poca investigación que examine los efectos de la restricción calórica (RC) en la composición corporal de futbolistas profesionales masculinos. Este estudio tiene como objetivos investigar el impacto de 6 semanas de RC con suplementación proteica en la composición corporal y el mantenimiento de los cambios tras suspender la RC durante las siguientes 6 semanas. Métodos: se realizó un experimento controlado, aleatorizado, de grupos paralelos, con 28 participantes. La ingesta energética recomendada (IRE) se calculó individualmente. El grupo experimental recibió una dieta RC (-25%; IRE promedio 2650 kcal/día) y el grupo control recibió una dieta normocalórica (NC) (IRE promedio 3500 kcal/día). Todos los participantes recibieron suplementación proteica. La intervención duró 6 semanas, seguida de 6 semanas sin intervención con dieta ad libitum en ambos grupos. La composición corporal se evaluó mediante mediciones antropométricas. Resultados: Los participantes del estudio tenían una edad promedio de 27,6 ± 4,4 años. Tras 12 semanas, el grupo RC mostró una reducción significativa del peso corporal en comparación con el grupo NC (RC −0,33 kg vs. NC −0,08 kg; p=0,028). Ambos grupos experimentaron una reducción de la masa adiposa tras 6 y 12 semanas. Los análisis intragrupo demuestran que solo el grupo RC mantuvo una reducción significativa tras 12 semanas (6 semanas -1,06 kg; 12 semanas -1,4 kg; p = 0,045). A lo largo del estudio, se observó un aumento de la masa muscular, sin observarse diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Conclusiones: La restricción calórica con suplementación proteica en futbolistas profesionales masculinos reduce el peso corporal, promueve una pérdida de grasa sostenida a lo largo del tiempo y preserva la masa muscular.
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Derechos de autor 2025 Gloria García, Gustavo Díaz, Alexander Niño, María-Paula Belalcázar-Monsalve, Felipe Ballesteros-Arbeláez, Angélica Cruz, Juan Del-Campo, Carlos Tejero-González
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