Correlation of Neck Circumference with Body Fat Percentage by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis

Authors

  • Senthil Kumar Subramanian Associate Professor, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurai, Tamil Nadu, India
  • Rajathi Rajendran Tutor, Department of Physiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
  • Anumalasetty Venkata Vijaya Sai MBBS student, 3rd Year, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India
  • Siriki Ramachandra MBBS student, 2nd Year, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Mangalagiri, Andhra Pradesh, India

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk23111

Keywords:

Neck circumference, Body fat percentage, Obesity assessment, Bioelectrical impedance analysis

Abstract

Introduction: Obesity is a significant public health concern associated with various health risks. Accurate and accessible methods for assessing body fat percentage are essential for obesity evaluation. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between neck circumference and body fat percentage, considering bioelectrical impedance analysis as the reference method. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 63 male medical and paramedical students aged 18 to 25 years. Neck circumference, body fat percentage, weight, height, and body mass index (BMI) were measured using standardized techniques. Statistical analysis included descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and significance testing. Results: The mean neck circumference was 37.4 cm (SD = ±1.6), and the mean body fat percentage was 22.8% (SD = ±4.5). A strong positive correlation was observed between neck circumference and body fat percentage (r = 0.75, p ≤ 0.001). The results indicated that neck circumference can serve as a practical and accessible measurement for estimating body fat percentage. Conclusion: Neck circumference strongly correlated with body fat percentage, suggesting its potential as an obesity assessment tool. Further research involving larger and more diverse populations is needed to validate these findings and explore the clinical implications of using neck circumference in obesity evaluation.

References

Agarwal, S.K., Misra, A., Aggarwal, P., Bardia, A., Goel, R., Vikram, N.K., Wasir, J.S., Hussain, N., Ramachandran, K., Pandey, R.M. (2009). Waist circumference measurement by site, posture, respiratory phase, and meal time: implications for methodology. Obesity (Silver Spring), 17(5): 1056-1061. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2008.635

Aswathappa, J., Garg, S., Kutty, K., & Shankar, V. (2013). Neck circumference as an anthropometric measure of obesity in diabetics. North American Journal of Medical Scinces, 5(1): 28-31. https://doi.org/10.4103/1947-2714.106188

Ben-Noun, L., Sohar, E., & Laor, A. (2001). Neck circumference as a simple screening measure for identifying overweight and obese patients. Obesity Research, 9(8): 470-477. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2001.61

Elffers, T.W., de Mutsert, R., Lamb, H.J., de Roos, A., Willems van Dijk, K., Rosendaal, F.R., Jukema, J.W., Trompet, S. (2017). Body fat distribution, in particular visceral fat, is associated with cardiometabolic risk factors in obese women. PLoS One, 12(9): e0185403. https://doi.org/10.1038/oby.2001.61

Esparza-Ros, F., Vaquero-Cristóbal, R., & Marfell-Jones, M. (2019). International Standards for Anthropometric Assessment. International Society for the Advancement of Kinanthropometry (ISAK).

Gallagher, D., Heymsfield, S.B., Heo, M., Jebb, S. A., Murgatroyd, P. R., & Sakamoto, Y. (2000). Healthy percentage body fat ranges: an approach for developing guidelines based on body mass index. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 72(3): 694-701. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/72.3.694

Hatipoglu, N., Mazicioglu, M.M., Kurtoglu, S., Kendirci, M. (2010). Neck circumference: an additional tool of screening overweight and obesity in childhood. European Journal of Pediatrics, 169(6): 733-739. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00431-009-1104-z

International Institute for Population Sciences (IIPS) and ICF. 2021. National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), India, 2019-21: Mizoram. Mumbai: IIPS.

Kissebah, A.H., Vydelingum, N., Murray, R., Evans, D.J., Hartz, A.J., Kalkhoff, R.K., & Adams, P.W. (1982). Relation of body fat distribution to metabolic complications of obesity. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 54(2): 254-260. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-54-2-254

Kyle, U.G., Bosaeus, I., De Lorenzo, A.D., Deurenberg, P., Elia, M., Gómez, J.M., Heitmann, B.L., Smith, L.K., Melchior, J.C., Pirlich, M., Scharfetter, H., Schols, A.M.W.J., Pichard, C. (2004). Bioelectrical impedance analysis--part I: review of principles and methods. Clinical Nutrition, 23(5): 1226-1243. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2004.06.004

Li, H. X., Zhang, F., Zhao, D., Xin, Z., Guo, S.Q., Wang, S.M., Zhang, J.J., Wang, J., Li, Y., Yang, G.R., Yang, J.K. (2014). Neck circumference as a measure of neck fat and abdominal visceral fat in Chinese adults. BMC Public Health, 14: 311. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-311

Liang, J., Teng, F., Li, Y., Liu, X., Zou, C., Wang, Y., Li, H., Qi, L. (2013). Neck circumference and insulin resistance in Chinese adults: the Cardiometabolic Risk in Chinese (CRC) Study. Diabetes Care, 36(9): e145-146. https://doi.org/10.2337/dc13-1114

Limpawattana, P., Manjavong, M., & Sopapong, R. (2016). Can neck circumference predict metabolic syndrome? An experience from a university community. Endocrine Practice, 22(1): 8-15. https://doi.org/10.4158/EP15902.OR

Malavolti, M., Mussi, C., Poli, M., Fantuzzi, A. L., Salvioli, G., Battistini, N., & Bedogni, G. (2003). Cross-calibration of eight-polar bioelectrical impedance analysis versus dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry for the assessment of total and appendicular body composition in healthy subjects aged 21-82 years. Annals of Human Biology, 30(4): 380-391. https://doi.org/10.1080/0301446031000095211

Margaret, A., & Sigrid, G. (2016). Waist-to-height ratio as an indicator of ‘early health risk’: simpler and more predictive than using a ‘matrix’ based on BMI and waist circumference. BMJ Open, 6(3): e010159. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-010159

M Sánchez-López, F.B. Ortega, P. Moya-Martínez, S. López-Martínez, I. Ortiz-Galeano, M.A. Gómez-Marcos, M. Sjöström, V. Martínez-Vizcaíno (2013). Leg fat might be more protective than arm fat in relation to lipid profile. European Journal of Nutrition, 52(2): 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0350-4

Nyamdorj, R., Pitkäniemi, J., Tuomilehto, J., Hammar, N., Stehouwer, C.D., Lam, T.H., Ramachandran, A., Janus, E.D., Soderberg, S., Laatikainen, T., Gabriel, R., Qiao, Q. (2010). Ethnic comparison of the association of undiagnosed diabetes with obesity. International Journal of Obesity, 34(2): 332-339. https://doi.org/10.1038/ijo.2009.225

Onat, A., Hergenç, G., Yüksel, H., Can, G., Ayhan, E., Kaya, Z., & Dursunoğlu, D. (2009). Neck circumference as a measure of central obesity: associations with metabolic syndrome and obstructive sleep apnea syndrome beyond waist circumference. Clinical Nutrition, 28(1): 46-51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clnu.2008.10.006

Patry-Parisien, J., Shields, M., & Bryan, S. (2012). Comparison of waist circumference using the World Health Organization and National Institutes of Health protocols. Health Reports, 23(3): 53-60.

Peiris, A.N., Struve, M.F., Mueller, R.A., Lee, M.B., & Kissebah, A.H. (1988). Glucose metabolism in obesity: influence of body fat distribution. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 67(4): 760-767. https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-67-4-760

Pettitt, D.J., Talton, J. W., Liese, A. D., Liu, L.L., Crimmins, N., West, N. A., Agostino Jr, R.B.D’., Kahn, H. S. (2012). Comparison of two waist circumference measurement protocols: the SEARCH for diabetes in youth study. Pediatric Obesity, 7(6): e81-85. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2047-6310.2012.00088.x

Pietrobelli, A., Rubiano, F., St-Onge, M.P., & Heymsfield, S.B. (2004). New bioimpedance analysis system: improved phenotyping with whole-body analysis. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 58(11): 1479-1484. https://doi.org/10.1038/sj.ejcn.1601993

Saka, M., Turker, P., Ercan, A., Kiziltan, G., & Baş, M. (2014). Is neck circumference measurement an indicator for abdominal obesity? A pilot study on Turkish Adults. African Health Sciences, 14(3): 570-575. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v14i3.11

Sánchez-López, M., Ortega, F.B., Moya-Martínez, P., López-Martínez, S., Ortiz-Galeano, I., Gómez-Marcos, M.A., Sjostrom, M., Martínez-Vizcaíno, V. (2013). Leg fat might be more protective than arm fat in relation to lipid profile. European Journal of Nutrition, 52(2): 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00394-012-0350-4

Wang, X., Zhang, N., Yu, C., & Ji, Z. (2015). Evaluation of neck circumference as a predictor of central obesity and insulin resistance in Chinese adults. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 8(10): 19107-19113.

WHO expert consultation. (2004). Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies. Lancet, 363(9403): 157-163. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)15268-3

Yang, C., & Wang, L. (2017). Comparisons of Waist Circumference Measurements at Five Different Anatomical Sites in Chinese Children. Biomed Research International, 2017: 7678613. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/7678613

Downloads

Published

2023-06-30

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

Subramanian, S. K., Rajendran, R., Venkata Vijaya Sai, A., & Ramachandra, S. (2023). Correlation of Neck Circumference with Body Fat Percentage by Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis. International Journal of Kinanthropometry, 3(1), 102-108. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk23111