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Vol. 5 Núm. 1 (2025): Volume 5, Issue 1, Year 2025

Articles

Optimización de la composición corporal en futbolistas mediante restricción calórica: un ensayo controlado aleatorio

Gloria García
Specialty of Sports medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque, Bogotá, Colombia.
Gustavo Díaz
Research Institute on Nutrition, Genetics and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque. Bogotá, Colombia.
Alexander Niño
Unit of Sciences Applied to Sport, Instituto Distrital de Recreación y Deporte, Bogotá, Colombia.
María-Paula Belalcázar-Monsalve
Research Institute on Nutrition, Genetics and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque. Bogotá, Colombia.
Felipe Ballesteros-Arbeláez
Research Institute on Nutrition, Genetics and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque. Bogotá, Colombia.
Angélica Cruz
Research Institute on Nutrition, Genetics and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad El Bosque. Bogotá, Colombia.
Juan Del-Campo
Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Motricity, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
Carlos Tejero-González
Department of Physical Education, Sports and Human Motricity, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, España
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2514

Publicado 10-04-2025

Palabras clave

  • Adiposidad,
  • Peso corporal,
  • Dieta,
  • Masa muscular,
  • Fútbol

Cómo citar

García, G., Díaz, G., Niño, A., Belalcázar-Monsalve, M.-P., Ballesteros-Arbeláez, F., Cruz, A., Del-Campo, J., & Tejero-González, C. (2025). Optimización de la composición corporal en futbolistas mediante restricción calórica: un ensayo controlado aleatorio. La Revista Internacional De Cineantropometría, 5(1), 31–42. https://doi.org/10.34256/ijk2514

Derechos de autor 2025 Gloria García, Gustavo Díaz, Alexander Niño, María-Paula Belalcázar-Monsalve, Felipe Ballesteros-Arbeláez, Angélica Cruz, Juan Del-Campo, Carlos Tejero-González

Creative Commons License

Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.

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Resumen

Introducción: Lograr una composición corporal óptima es ventajoso para los atletas en términos de rendimiento competitivo. Hasta la fecha, existe poca investigación que examine los efectos de la restricción calórica (RC) en la composición corporal de futbolistas profesionales masculinos. Este estudio tiene como objetivos investigar el impacto de 6 semanas de RC con suplementación proteica en la composición corporal y el mantenimiento de los cambios tras suspender la RC durante las siguientes 6 semanas. Métodos: se realizó un experimento controlado, aleatorizado, de grupos paralelos, con 28 participantes. La ingesta energética recomendada (IRE) se calculó individualmente. El grupo experimental recibió una dieta RC (-25%; IRE promedio 2650 kcal/día) y el grupo control recibió una dieta normocalórica (NC) (IRE promedio 3500 kcal/día). Todos los participantes recibieron suplementación proteica. La intervención duró 6 semanas, seguida de 6 semanas sin intervención con dieta ad libitum en ambos grupos. La composición corporal se evaluó mediante mediciones antropométricas. Resultados: Los participantes del estudio tenían una edad promedio de 27,6 ± 4,4 años. Tras 12 semanas, el grupo RC mostró una reducción significativa del peso corporal en comparación con el grupo NC (RC −0,33 kg vs. NC −0,08 kg; p=0,028). Ambos grupos experimentaron una reducción de la masa adiposa tras 6 y 12 semanas. Los análisis intragrupo demuestran que solo el grupo RC mantuvo una reducción significativa tras 12 semanas (6 semanas -1,06 kg; 12 semanas -1,4 kg; p = 0,045). A lo largo del estudio, se observó un aumento de la masa muscular, sin observarse diferencias significativas entre los grupos. Conclusiones: La restricción calórica con suplementación proteica en futbolistas profesionales masculinos reduce el peso corporal, promueve una pérdida de grasa sostenida a lo largo del tiempo y preserva la masa muscular.

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Citas

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